But we’re also concerned about places like vineyards. They prefer the tree of heaven, and in urban areas, they will tend to congregate there. It’s about them having different pathways into Massachusetts. The Brink: Is the big concern about them moving from less dense areas into more densely populated urban areas?įorman Orth: It’s not about them moving toward urban areas. It can also attract stinging insects and make it dangerous for people with allergic issues. It gets sticky, and it’s gross, and that attracts a mold and can be slippery and you have safety issues. They feed on plants, and then excrete this honeydew. There is also concern, in New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, that these lanternflies are congregating by the thousands where infestations are heaviest. But it also attacks grapevines, maple trees, walnut trees, dozens of plants that are important to natural ecosystems throughout the state. That grows all over the Boston area and other urban areas. The favorite host tree of the lanternfly is the tree of heaven. But why? How can a bug like this be that threatening?įorman Orth: There are two big reasons we are concerned. ![]() They were observed laying eggs, live adults, in trees on the side of the road in Fitchburg. This is the first time spotting an active breeding population. But they are usually dead, after they hitchhiked in on a vehicle or on goods shipped in. Why was this discovery more alarming?įorman Orth: There have now been a dozen different reports since 2018. Q &A with Jennifer Forman Orth The Brink: This isn’t the first time the spotted lanternfly has been spotted in these parts. ![]() The Brink caught up with Forman Orth to talk about this particular bug, her personal interest in all bugs, and what we should do if we think we’ve seen a dreaded spotted lanternfly. So when live adult spotted lanternflies were spotted in Fitchburg, Mass., in September-a dozen states now have reported infestations-Jennifer Forman Orth, an environmental biologist at the Massachusetts Department of Agricultural Resources, who earned a master’s in energy and environmental studies at Boston University, was suddenly besieged with questions about this invasive bug. As the New York Times wrote in a headline, “Die, Beautiful Spotted Lanternfly, Die.” And in Pennsylvania, residents are being told, “Kill it! Squash it, mash it, just get rid of it.” ![]() Environmental experts are so worried about the damage the spotted lanternfly could wreak on local ecosystems, in some places the public is being advised to kill the bugs as soon as they see them. ![]() And as if that’s not bad enough, it excretes a gross residue known as “honeydew” that can turn into mold, drip sticky substances onto cars and patios, and become dangerously slippery to step on-and it just flat-out stinks when its scent hits your nostrils.Ĭharming, right? If that sounds like the sort of bug that you just want to squash, many nature lovers would say…go right ahead. It’s a threat to trees, plants, crops, orchards, vineyards, even jobs. An invasive pest native to Asia, it first arrived in the United States seven years ago. Not too many bugs are more destructive than the Lycorma delicatula, better known as the spotted lanternfly.
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Since Skype doesn’t require a phone number, it is the clear winner here. This distinction between the two apps exists because of their origin. Instead, Viber uses your mobile phone number as an identifier. On the other hand, Viber doesn’t require a password. If you want to place a call or chat with a person via Skype, you first need to ask them for their username. ![]() The username is your unique identifier among the Skype network. On one hand, Skype requires a username and a password. Both apps are easy and straightforward to install, but they work in very different ways. However, when you take a deeper look at how users interact with the app, the distinction becomes clearer. Since both apps are available on all major platforms, there isn’t a clear winner between the two. Skype is a desktop app first and foremost, while Viber is intended to be used on mobile devices. While both apps are available on desktops and mobile, if you look at their origins, you can see a difference. Here’s the detailed comparison we put together: Skype vs Viber: User Experience and Interface We’ll also take a look at how you can use the apps to send text messages, share files, coordinate teams, and work on projects together. In this section, we’ll compare how many of such features Skype and Viber offer. Business and chatti ng features: while Skype and Viber are commonly used for personal communication, there are companies and markets which need more advanced, enterprise-level features of the apps.The audio and video quality, how many people can participate, and certain other factors can make or break a VoIP app. Video calling: video calls these days have become a crucial part of all communication - both business and personal - all over the world.In this section, we will be comparing Skype and Viber based on the ease of finding certain features, making calls, receiving notifications, etc. Interface and user experience: a VoIP app needs to be intuitive and simple enough not to distract you from what you do - no matter if you use it to make business or personal calls.Same as Skype, Viber is based in Luxembourg. In 2017, its corporate name became Rakuten Viber. It was developed in 2010 by an Israel-based company Viber Media, which was bought by Rakuten in 2014. For a fee, Viber allows you to subscribe to local numbers and call and receive calls and texts from non-Viber users. Once synced with your mobile phone, Viber combs your contacts to find other Viber account users. Viber users register their accounts using a mobile phone number but the service is also available on desktops without needing a connection to the registered mobile. With over 1 billion users (mostly outside the U.S.), Viber is one of the key players on the market. Viber free video calls and messages is a VoIP software that allows smartphone users to make free voice and video calls and share free instant messages. In 20, Microsoft redesigned Skype to look more like a business chat solution Skype calling features were made less prominent in favor of chat features. Ultimately, Microsoft bought Skype in May 2011 for $8.5 billion. Just four years later, in September 2009, a group of investors consisting of Silver Lake, Andreessen Horowitz, and the Canada Pension Plan Investment Board acquired 65% of Skype for $1.9 billion from eBay. Two years later, in September 2005, eBay acquired Skype for $2.6 billion from the Nords. Today, it features a centralized Azure service system for the communication platform.Ī Swede and a Dane, Niklas Zennström and Janus Friis, supported by a group of Estonian developers, released Skype in August 2003. Skype was founded back in 2003 and the original version of the app featured a peer-to-peer communication system. They are mostly known for their video call feature. Skype is one of the pioneers of the VoIP industry. Brosix: A Business Messaging Alternative.Skype vs Viber: User Experience and Interface. ![]() Lots more info here: What are phased updates, and why does Ubuntu use them? Case study: upgrading the docker-ce package Sudo apt -o APT::Get::Always-Include-Phased-Updates=true upgrade -dry-run This process allows us to automatically monitor for regressions and halt the update process if any are found. Once an update is released to -updates, the update is then phased so that the update is gradually made available to expanding subsets of Ubuntu users. To upgrade the package without installing any newly added "Recommended" packages, use -only-upgrade. (Tip: add -dry-run to see what will happen before doing it) as if newly installed with apt install, use -with-new-pkgs: sudo apt upgrade -with-new-pkgs To upgrade the package and install any new "Recommended" packages (i.e. Note that both solutions below have the proper arguments to avoid erroneously changing a package from "automatically installed" to "manually installed". If there are new packages in those lists in the new version of the kept back package, apt won't automatically upgrade it.Īt this point there are 2 options to upgrade the kept back package. The important parts are the Depends and Recommends package lists. (or just use apt show -a to view all versions directly, but it makes the version comparison harder in my opinion) 2:-1ubuntu1.4), we can figure out the changed dependencies with apt show: apt show =Īpt show vim=2:-1ubuntu1.3 vim=2:-1ubuntu1.4 Vim/bionic-updates,bionic-security 2:-1ubuntu1.4 amd64 This will tell you the current and candidate upgrade versions of the package: $ apt list Possible reasons are broken dependencies (a package on which it depends doesn't have a version available for download) or new dependencies (the package has come to depend on new packages since the last version) means that there are new versions of these packages which will not be installed for some reason. The best authoritative source of information I could find regarding this is marked as obsolete, but it says: To remove a hold on a package and allow it to be upgraded: sudo apt-mark unhold To list all packages marked on hold or find out if a package is on hold use: apt-mark showhold Hold is used to mark a package as held back, which will prevent the package from being automatically installed, upgraded or removed. 1) It is marked as held backĪpt-mark can do this: sudo apt-mark hold To my knowledge, there are 3 categories of reasons for packages being kept back during apt upgrade. Hopefully this will help someone avoid blindly running apt dist-upgrade in despair! Why is a package kept back? I'm adding this answer because I'm not satisfied with how other answers handle the why part of the question to understand what's going on and choose the appropriate course of action. If you're feeling lucky, you can drop your car off with your cousin dist-upgrade and hope she knows her stuff. if you have time and are handy with a wrench, you'll get some peace of mind by reading up and doing the repair yourself. but you're probably better off learning a bit more about APT and resolving the dependency issues "by hand" by installing and removing packages on a case-by-case basis. So if you find yourself in a place where the "cautious solution" doesn't work, dist-upgrade may work. Unlike you, APT isn't always smart enough to know whether these additions and removals could wreak havoc. ![]() Unlike upgrade it may remove packages to resolve complex dependency situations. In most cases this will give the kept-back packages what they need to successfully upgrade.Ī more aggressive solution is to run sudo apt-get dist-upgrade, which will force the installation of those new dependencies.īut dist-upgrade can be quite dangerous. The cautious solution is to run sudo apt-get install. If Pablo's solution works for you, please upvote it. This has the benefit of not marking the kept-back packages as "manually installed," which could force more user intervention down the line (see comments). Per Pablo's answer, you can run sudo apt-get -with-new-pkgs upgrade, and it will install the kept-back packages. Another reason is that phased updates may be enabled, and the updates have not yet been released for your machine.) (Note that this is not the only reason that you may be seeing the message "packages have been kept back". ![]() If the dependencies have changed on one of the packages you have installed so that a new package must be installed to perform the upgrade then that will be listed as "kept-back". ![]() Remember this script NEEDS to be run as admin in order to function properly. ![]() This will allow the script to run without having to do the above steps but Powershell will ask if you're sure you want to run this script.Right-click the PowerShell file that you'd like to run and click on "Run With PowerShell".Next, to run either script, enter in the following:.On the prompt, change to the directory where you extracted the files:.Once extracted, open PowerShell (or PowerShell ISE) as an Administrator.zip file on the main page of the GitHub and extract the. There are different methods of running the PowerShell script. How To Run the Windows10Debloater.ps1 and the Windows10DebloaterGUI.ps1 files There are some sites saying that other projects are "new" versions of this, but that is inaccurate. WARNING: I do NOT take responsibility for what may happen to your system! Run scripts at your own risk!Īlso, other variants of this repo are not technically "new" versions of this, but they are different in their own respective ways. Donate a cup of coffeeīe sure to look at the Contributors' GitHubs to see if they have GitHub sponsorships as well since they have contributed to this open-source project. Script/Utility/Application to debloat Windows 10, to remove Windows pre-installed unnecessary applications, stop some telemetry functions, stop Cortana from being used as your Search Index, disable unnecessary scheduled tasks, and more. ![]() Contrary to past large-eddy simulation investigations on shock/turbulent boundary layer interactions, we have used an inflow technique which does not introduce any energetically significant low frequencies into the domain, hence avoiding possible interference with the shock/boundary layer interaction system. We present here a large-eddy simulation investigation of the interaction between an impinging oblique shock and a Mach 2.3 turbulent boundary layer. Satisfactory designs are usually obtained with 20–40 design cycles.read more read lessĪbstract: The need for better understanding of the low-frequency unsteadiness observed in shock wave/turbulent boundary layer interactions has been driving research in this area for several decades. The power of the method is illustrated by designs of wings and wing–body combinations for long range transport aircraft. The cost is kept low by using multigrid techniques, in conjunction with preconditioning to accelerate the convergence of the solutions. Each design cycle requires the numerical solution of both the flow and the adjoint equations, leading to a computational cost roughly equal to the cost of two flow solutions. This process is repeated until an optimum solution is approached. The Frechet derivative of the cost function is determined via the solution of an adjoint partial differential equation, and the boundary shape is then modified in a direction of descent. ![]() The theory is applied to a system defined by the partial differential equations of the flow, with the boundary shape acting as the control. It extends previous work on optimization for inviscid flow. The depleted stresses reduce the skin friction, which can lead to premature separation.read more read lessĪbstract: This paper describes the formulation of optimization techniques based on control theory for aerodynamic shape design in viscous compressible flow, modeled by the Navier–Stokes equations. LES content may be lacking because the resolution is not fine enough to fully support it, and/or because of delays in its generation by instabilities. The grid spacing is then fine enough for the DES length scale to follow the LES branch (and therefore lower the eddy viscosity below the RANS level), but resolved Reynolds stresses deriving from velocity fluctuations (“LES content”) have not replaced the modeled Reynolds stresses. This behavior begins when the grid spacing parallel to the wall Δ∥ becomes less than the boundary-layer thickness δ, either through grid refinement or boundary-layer thickening. ![]() However its initial formulation, denoted DES97 from here on, can exhibit an incorrect behavior in thick boundary layers and shallow separation regions. Different techniques of simulating turbulent flows - direct numerical simulation, large-eddy simulation or solution of the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations using different turbulence models are presented and it is explained which technique is appropriate for which type of flow.Abstract: Detached-eddy simulation (DES) is well understood in thin boundary layers, with the turbulence model in its Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) mode and flattened grid cells, and in regions of massive separation, with the turbulence model in its large-eddy simulation (LES) mode and grid cells close to isotropic. Both the drag crises on a cylinder at the critical Reynolds number and the Magnus effect on a rotating cylinder are described. The flow separation and recirculation can have many different forms, leading to vortex shedding (the von Karman vortex street), transition to turbulence in the wake, in shear layers, or in boundary layers on cylinder surface. Depending on the Reynolds number, the flow may be creeping, steady or unsteady laminar, or turbulent. Circular cylinder is a generic representation of a slender body exposed to a cross-flow such situations are found in many practical applications. In Week 4, we'll explore flows around a circular cylinder at Reynolds numbers between 5 and 5 million are studied. The whole mattress is encased in a soft cover that’s extremely breathable. The grid is backed up by a transition layer of polyurethane foam to provide support and a base layer of polyfoam to give the bed support and durability. Purple’s grid is like nothing else on the market, with a soft and stretchy feel that provides great pressure relief. The 2” layer of Hyper Elastic polymer has a waffle-like design and leaves sleepers feeling as if they’re floating on the mattress. The unique selling point of the Purple Mattress is the brand’s patented Purple Gel Grid technology. (For more information on these types of materials, take a look at our best organic mattress guide). The Casper Original is also hypoallergenic. The Casper Original mattress is also a good choice for people looking for environmentally friendly materials, as it boasts a cover made with up to 57 recycled bottles, alongside recycled polyester and upcycled cotton, rayon and lycra.Īll foams are CertiPUR certified, meaning they are made without mercury, lead and other heavy metals, carcinogenic chemicals and phthalates. You’ll also find an AirScape layer designed to keep you cool at night that features thousands of perforations to help promote airflow and a durable foam base to support the entire mattress. The three zones have softer foam at the shoulders for pressure relief and to help keep your sleep position correct, while there’s firmer foam at the hips, waist and lower back to provide a higher level of support. The Casper Original comes with zoned support designed to promote neutral spinal alignment. ![]() Casper vs Purple mattress: Build and materials ![]() There's even a fan site for the game called Hyperspeed Base. I lucked out and bought a beat-up but acceptable copy on Amazon for $5 a while back. No takers yet, but I think you could get $30 for it on a good day. You can buy a new one on Amazon right now for $202, but that price is a joke. I love Lightspeed, and remember wanting Hyperspeed back in 1991, but it was expensive even then. Hyperspeed seems to have been published in low numbers. It's the "expanded" version of the much more common Lightspeed, a 3D space shooter/strategy game that was reasonably popular in its day. There's one PC game that isn't often talked about but is fairly hard to find: Hyperspeed by MicroProse. ![]() So far the only PC game I've ever turned a significant profit on is Grim Fandango bought a complete copy for $5 and sold it for $60. Then again I would first determine if I wanted to play any of them or add them to my collection, as 5-10 bucks for the entertainment value alone for some of those titles is a great deal. Although holding on to Sorcerian may be a good idea down the road if it is in good shape and complete. Bought the game new originally for probably $10.īack to your original question.the games you have listed are probably worth picking up for 2-4 bucks to me. Noticed recently that the game was not going for a whole lot, so I just listed the strategy guide. Here is another example of something to keep an eye out for.īought Lands of Lore many years ago and like many others I threw out the box, but kept the included sealed strategy guide and sealed jewel. The Leisure Suit Larry, King's Quest, Space Quest individual titles had large production runs for the most part, so other than the collections are probably not worth a whole bunch. ![]() Those that had a smaller print run or were on media that could have degraded or been lost hold up very well. It your talking about Mystery House or Softporn those are the most valued. The buyer was probably a Stephen King/horror fan, you never know. It was originally a budget title sold for $12.99 new. It was just the cd in a jewel with an insert. Vary rarely saw it come up for auction, so put it up and sold it for $50. Picked up The Dark Half years ago for 10 cents as part of a clearance. I remember getting it in a large lot for probably an average of 50 cents. Normally this would go for a few bucks if anything. Just recently sold Ishido: Way of the Stones (NIB-sealed) for $30. I would never pass up anything that is sealed as a general rule or anything that is in excellent condition or something that I know got discontinued and clearanced out rather quick after release. When it is sealed, describe the condition of the wrap, box, everything. If it is a collector, they want to see everything they are getting. When you sell on ebay/CTCW make sure you open the boxes and display all of the contents to maximize your value. Sorcerian I sold for $40 a couple years ago to an international bidder. The Dark Queen of KrynnAll of them right now, probably worth what you paid unless any are sealed. Unfortunately, I can't find any reference points for many of them, so I may just return them.Īnyone know about any of these? I think they are all complete, except Yserbius, which is missing the box top. I do collect PC games, but for floppy games I have to have some sentimental tie in order to keep it, so all these would be to re-sell. I wouldn't have bought any of them since they are all $4-$10 each, but my Goodwill has a very easy-going return policy. Here's a case study on why I need this list (and something like 'old Sierra games' doesn't do me much good): ![]() When on land, the platypus lives in burrows on the river banks. These are adaptations to life in rivers where the water is opaque with sediment. The platypus can also hunt without using its eyes. It keeps its eyes shut when swimming, using only its other senses, such as hearing, touch and changes in the electrical field. The platypus can sense electricity from other animals. Its nose can sense many things that other noses cannot. It digs these animals out of the bottom of the river with its beak, or catches them while swimming. It eats worms, insect larvae, shrimps and yabbies, which are a kind of freshwater crayfish. The tail and back feet help it to turn left or right, but does not make it faster. When it swims, it pushes itself along by moving the front two feet. ![]() It is a very good swimmer and spends much of its time in the water. The platypus sleeps during the day, and moves mostly at night. The amount of poison increases during the breeding season. It will not kill humans, but the poison has been known to kill small animals, such as dogs, and cause pain lasting as long as four months. The male platypus has a sharp spine on his two back ankles called spurs which contain a venom. Males are about one-third (1/3) larger than females. Its tail can be from 10 cm (4 in) to 15 cm (6 in) long. Its body can be from 30 cm (12 in) to 40 cm (16 in) long. Adults can be less than 1 kg (2 lb) or up to 3 kg (7 lb). The larger platypus live in Tasmania while the smaller ones live in Queensland. The platypus is sometimes called "duck billed platypus" because of this nose. When the platypus moves on land, it walks on its knuckles so the webs on its feet will not get in the way. Unlike a beaver, it has no feet (no toes), which are good for swimming. The platypus looks similar to a beaver with a brown, furry body and wide, flat tail. The later ( derived) mammals have the system where the rear has two openings. This is a primitive ( basal) feature of tetrapods, which monotremes, birds and reptiles have today. Through this opening faeces and urine are voided (put out), and sexual activity takes place. These mammals are called monotremes because they have a common rear opening, the cloaca. The platypus was first described in detail in the early 19th century, but it took a while before biologists in England believed what they were reading. The other is the Echidna, which has four species. It is one of only two families of mammals which lay eggs. The platypus lives in rivers and river banks. The plural of platypus is just 'platypus'. It lives in eastern Australia, including Tasmania. ![]() It is one of only two monotremes that survive today. Females nurse their young for three to four months until the babies can swim on their own.The duck-billed platypus ( Ornithorhynchus anatinus) is a small mammal. The eggs hatch in about ten days, but platypus infants are the size of lima beans and totally helpless. A mother typically produces one or two eggs and keeps them warm by holding them between her body and her tail. It is one of only two mammals (the echidna is the other) that lay eggs.įemales seal themselves inside one of the burrow's chambers to lay their eggs. Platypuses use their nails and feet to construct dirt burrows at the water's edge. However, the webbing on their feet retracts to expose individual nails and allow the creatures to run. On land, platypuses move a bit more awkwardly. Platypuses do not have teeth, so the bits of gravel help them to “chew” their meal. All this material is stored in cheek pouches and, at the surface, mashed for consumption. They scoop up insects and larvae, shellfish, and worms in their bill along with bits of gravel and mud from the bottom. These Australian mammals are bottom feeders. In this posture, a platypus can remain submerged for a minute or two and employ its sensitive bill to find food. Folds of skin cover their eyes and ears to prevent water from entering, and the nostrils close with a watertight seal. Platypuses hunt underwater, where they swim gracefully by paddling with their front webbed feet and steering with their hind feet and beaverlike tail. They have sharp stingers on the heels of their rear feet and can use them to deliver a strong toxic blow to any foe. The animal is best described as a hodgepodge of more familiar species: the duck (bill and webbed feet), beaver (tail), and otter (body and fur). In fact, the first scientists to examine a specimen believed they were the victims of a hoax. The platypus is among nature's most unlikely animals. ![]() "Additionally, I believe that biobanks like those we used in the present investigation will soon permit to translate genetic information into clinical instruments to reduce the burden of common disorders. The center conducts research and provides clinical services and. "This study highlights how large-scale genomic data and electronic health records can be an invaluable tool to disentangle the complex dynamics responsible for the comorbidities between physical and mental health," said Renato Polimanti, Ph.D., associate professor of psychiatry and the study's senior author. The Yale Child Study Center is a department at the Yale University School of Medicine. Looking at eye tracking’s potential for clinical trials. However, many others remained significant, substantiating the connection among genetics and mental and physical health. Over 150 Attend Yale Child Study Center In-house Open House. They observed that when combining the genetic profile of body mass index with PTSD, several cardiovascular conditions were no longer significant. Genetic correlates of lifestyle factors such as body mass index and smoking are important to consider, according to the researchers. They said the finding might explain why PTSD is often associated with other health conditions. Work ongoing between members of the department and past trainees and faculty who now demonstrate the excellence of autism research around the country is particularly compelling. The researchers also found genetic links between PTSD and digestive problems, alcoholism, a fast heartbeat, and an irregular heartbeat, among other health issues. The Child Study Center also was well-represented in collaboration with many other groups in the research presentations at IMFAR. "These findings prompt the need to investigate mechanisms, preventative and therapeutic interventions for PTSD and physical health." Our research team will be re-contacting over 100 participants, ages 12-35 with and without autism, via email and phone over the next several years. "Our results provide a birds-eye-view perspective of genes linked to PTSD and their role in overall health, particularly cardiovascular and respiratory conditions," said Gita Pathak, Ph.D., postdoctoral associate at Yale School of Medicine and first author of the study. In order to study the transition to young adulthood, we are now inviting participants back to the Child Study Center for a follow-up study. Among the laboratory tests, they found an association with triglycerides and glucose, and blood/immune-based tests, such as erythrocyte distribution and C-reactive protein. Most prevalent were diseases of the circulatory and respiratory systems. The researchers examined the polygenic score-the measure of disease risk depending on a person's genes-of post-traumatic stress symptoms and found several links to health conditions. The findings, published in JAMA Psychiatry, are the product of a detailed analysis of more than 450,000 electronic medical records and more than 300 laboratory tests across several biobank sites. Security fundamentals (15%): Security concepts like threats and mitigation, physical access control password policies access control lists Layer 2 security features wireless security protocolsĪutomation and programmability (10%): Comparing traditional networks with controller-based networks automation concepts interpreting JSON data IP services (10%): Configuring and verifying NAT and NTP describing DHCP, DNS, SNMP, and syslog features per-hop behavior using SSH describing TFTP/FTP ![]() IP connectivity (25%): Routing tables router decision-making configuring and verifying IPv4 and IPv6 static routing and single area OSPFv2 first hop redundancy protocol Network access (20%): Configuring and verifying VLANs, interswitch connectivity, Layer 2 discovery protocols, and EtherChannel Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol operations Cisco wireless architectures, AP modes, physical WLAN components, AP and WLC management access connections, and wireless LAN access Network fundamentals (20%): Network components like routers, switches, and access points network topology architectures physical interfaces and cabling types IPv4 and IPv6 configuration IP parameters wireless, virtualization, and switching fundamentals The 200-301 CCNA exam takes 120 minutes and is offered in English and Japanese. Read more: 6 Network Certifications for Your IT Career What’s on the CCNA exam? It’s completely possible to get the Network+ and go on to take the CCNA when you have more experience. That said, because the Network+ focuses on the basics, it can be useful for those completely new to networking, or who find the CCNA too difficult or comprehensive for their needs. Many learners also find that the knowledge acquired by learning on Cisco products is applicable to networking products from other vendors. Because Cisco products are widely used, it can be useful to know them well. Cisco had 47 percent of market share in Ethernet switches, and 33 percent of the combined SP and enterprise router market. So which should you choose? Many opt to take the CCNA despite it being vendor-specific to Cisco, because Cisco products largely dominate the networking market. The CCNA is known to cover more topics and go deeper into network material than the Network+. The Network+ certification is considered by many to be more foundational than the CCNA. The CCNA tests you exclusively on Cisco products and tools. ![]() This means that it’s designed to prepare you to work with any network device or system, regardless of what vendor it came from. ![]() Unlike CCNA, the CompTIA Network+ certification is vendor neutral. Like the CCNA, the CompTIA Network+ is a certification that will test your networking knowledge and is often acquired by professionals hoping to advance their networking skills. Read more: What’s a Network Administrator? A Career Guide CCNA vs. |
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